The Retreat Doctrine and Other News from the Front
The Spanish Reconquista In AD 732, exactly one hundred years after Muhammad’s death, Charlemagne’s Grandfather, the Frankish warlord, Charles Martel, stopped the northwestern advance of Islam in the French countryside at a battle fought near the small city of Poitiers. In so doing, historians believe that he saved Western Christendom. Had Martel lost at Poitiers, Edward [...]